Repairs of an aortic root to right atrium iatrogenic fistula after unsuccessful percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.

some of them. There is some hope for therapy of acute and diastolic heart failure. Progress in cardiac surgery and valve interventions still await prove of their relevance for the course of heart failure. It has become clearer which patients benefit from heart failure management programmes. Competing concepts of cell therapy seem to spiral, hopefully upwards; genetics and proteomics are still a long way off heart failure management but we can further nurture our hope for evidence-based individualized diagnostics and therapy. All these advances will further add to the complexity of heart failure management, and research will require more and more interdisciplinarity.